scores when Digits Forward and Digits Reversed were combined for the scaled score was. However, significant impairment in WMI performance (eg, index score& amp amp amp amp amp lt or=70), particularly in the absence of brain dysfunction, cannot reasonably be attributed to the effects of either acute or chronic pain, even at moderate to severe levels, and likely reflects intentional exaggeration. (1994) examined the accuracy of several Digit Span based scores (scaled score, raw digit span forward and backward) using a mixed-. Digit Span The Digit Span test in the Wechsler batteries ( the. This study demonstrated that even when controlling for exaggeration some pain patients do exhibit problems with attentional function. The lowest scores were found in the simulated malingering college students and definite malingering clinical pain groups, in which about half scored worse than 95% of the non-malingering clinical patients. There were no group differences in WMI or its subtests among non-malingering groups, but some individual clinical patients with pain did score at a level suggestive of attentional impairment. Canadian and American Digit Span Backward mean scores did not differ. Malingering was operationalized using published criteria. This difference was attributable to their higher mean score on Digit Span Forward. Study 2: Known-groups design in which the WMI was examined in non-malingering and definite malingering chronic pain patients, non-malingering moderate-severe traumatic brain injury, and memory disorder patients seen for routine psychological evaluation. Study 1: College students were administered the WMI under three conditions: standard administration, with cold-pressor induced pain, or with instructions to simulate impairment due to pain. Each sub-scores of digit span test (forward, backward, and sequential) was. Study 1 used healthy college students Study 2 used chronic pain patients and neurological patients. WM subtests of Korean version of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV and. Study 1: simulator design Study 2: clinical known-groups design. 1) Examine the impact of pain and malingering on attention 2) determine if the Working Memory Index (WMI) of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-3 (WAIS-III) can reliably detect malingering. The Digit Span and Spatial Span subtests from the Wech- sler Memory ScaleThird Edition (WMS3 Wechsler, 1997) have been used extensively as simple clinical. There is empirical evidence that patients with pain do experience problems on attention-demanding cognitive tasks, but the results are mixed and the potential impact of exaggeration in the context of pain-related litigation has not been addressed. This is referred to as the visual digit span test and can be administered either forward or backward. Pain patients often report cognitive symptoms, and many will include them in their claims of disability. The digit span test can also be given visually by displaying a series of numbers and then asking the person taking the test to verbally state the numbers and then to write them down in the correct order.
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